瑞芯微-I2S|音頻驅動調試基本命令和工具-基于rk3568-2

一口君后面會陸續更新基于瑞芯微rk3568的I2S系列文章。

預計10篇左右。有對語音感興趣的朋友，可以收藏該專題。

《瑞芯微 | I2S-音頻基礎 -1》

基于Linux嵌入式設備常用調試方法很多，本文一口君把調試語音用到的工具和方法給大家做一個簡單的介紹。

1. ?procfs、sysfs

Linux系統上的/proc目錄是一種文件系統，即proc文件系統。與其它常見的文件系統不同的是，/proc是一種偽文件系統（也即虛擬文件系統），存儲的是當前內核運行狀態的一系列特殊文件，用戶可以通過這些文件查看有關系統硬件及當前正在運行進程的信息，甚至可以通過更改其中某些文件來改變內核的運行狀態。

基于/proc文件系統如上所述的特殊性，其內的文件也常被稱作虛擬文件，并具有一些獨特的特點。例如，其中有些文件雖然使用查看命令查看時會返回大量信息，但文件本身的大小卻會顯示為0字節。此外，這些特殊文件中大多數文件的時間及日期屬性通常為當前系統時間和日期，這跟它們隨時會被刷新（存儲于RAM中）有關。

ALSA有自己的proc tree，在/proc/asound這個目錄下可以找到許多關于snd card 的詳細信息。

• /proc/asound

rk3568_r:/?#?ls?/proc/asound?-l
total?0
dr-xr-xr-x?5?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?card0
dr-xr-xr-x?4?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?card1
-r--r--r--?1?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?cards
-r--r--r--?1?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?devices
-r--r--r--?1?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?hwdep
-r--r--r--?1?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?pcm
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root?5?2024-02-19?22:27?rockchiphdmi?->?card1
lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root?5?2024-02-19?22:27?rockchiprk809co?->?card0
-r--r--r--?1?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?timers
-r--r--r--?1?root?root?0?2024-02-19?22:27?version

其中主要的節點如下：

• cardx：表示注冊的sound card；
• cards：顯示當前配置的Alsa Drivers，index，the id string，short and long descriptions；
• version：顯示版本字符串；
• devices：列舉本機設備映射；
• pcm：列舉當前可用的 pcm devides，格式如下：-::: ；

• /proc/asound/cards

通過 proc fs 確認聲卡注冊成功

#?cat?/proc/asound/cards
0?[rockchiprk809co]:?rockchip_rk809-?-?rockchip,rk809-codec
rockchip,rk809-codec
7?[Loopback?]:?Loopback?-?Loopback
Loopback?1

• /proc/asound/devices

查看聲卡下的功能設備

rk3568_r:/?#??cat?/proc/asound/devices
??2:?[?0-?0]:?digital?audio?playback
??3:?[?0-?0]:?digital?audio?capture
??4:?[?0]???:?control
??5:?[?1-?0]:?digital?audio?playback
??6:?[?1]???:?control
?33:????????:?timer

對于devices的print格式如下：

- Control設備：?“minor:?[card_id]?: control”；
- PCM設備????：?“minor:?[card_id- device_id]: digital audio playback/capture”；
- timer設備??：?“minor:?: timer”；

• /proc/asound/pcm

查看聲卡采集、播放PCM信息

rk3568_r:/?#?cat?/proc/asound/pcm
cat?/proc/asound/pcm
00-00:?fe410000.i2s-rk817-hifi?rk817-hifi-0?:?fe410000.i2s-rk817-hifi?rk817-hifi-0?:?playback?1?:?capture?1
01-00:?rockchip,hdmi?i2s-hifi-0?:?rockchip,hdmi?i2s-hifi-0?:?playback?1

• /proc/asound/version

查看ALSA驅動版本

rk3568_r:/?#?cat?/proc/asound/version
cat?/proc/asound/version
Advanced?Linux?Sound?Architecture?Driver?Version?k4.19.232.

• /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/sub0/status

查看聲卡0的信息

rk3568_r:/?#?cat?/proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/sub0/status
cat?/proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/sub0/status
closed

rk3568_r:/sys/devices/platform/rk809-sound?#?ls
driver??driver_override??fe410000.i2s-rk817-hifi??modalias??of_node??power??sound??subsystem??uevent

kernel/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/sound/rockchip-i2s.txt??rockchip,i2s-tdm.txt

alsa_sound_init函數中會調用snd_info_init函數創建 /proc/asound目錄，并將該entry保存在全局變量 snd_proc_root(即作為 sound proc root entry)，代碼如下

int?__init?snd_info_init(void)
{
????//1、創建?alsa?proc?root?entry;
????snd_proc_root?=?snd_info_create_entry("asound",?NULL);????
????if?(!snd_proc_root)
????????return?-ENOMEM;
????snd_proc_root->mode?=?S_IFDIR?|?0555;
????//2、創建?dir:?/proc/asound
????snd_proc_root->p?=?proc_mkdir("asound",?NULL);????
????if?(!snd_proc_root->p)
????????goto?error;
#ifdef?CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL
????snd_oss_root?=?create_subdir(THIS_MODULE,?"oss");
????if?(!snd_oss_root)
????????goto?error;
#endif
#if?IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER)
????snd_seq_root?=?create_subdir(THIS_MODULE,?"seq");
????if?(!snd_seq_root)
????????goto?error;
#endif
????if?(snd_info_version_init()?0?||????//3、創建?file:?/proc/asound/version
????????snd_minor_info_init()?0?||????//4、創建?file:?/proc/asound/devices
????????snd_minor_info_oss_init()?0?||
????????snd_card_info_init()?0?||????????//5、創建?file:?/proc/asound/cards
????????snd_info_minor_register()?0)
????????goto?error;
????return?0;

?error:
????snd_info_free_entry(snd_proc_root);
????return?-ENOMEM;
}

查看時鐘clk summary

查詢音頻時鐘，確認時鐘設置正確 示例：查詢 i2s0 mclk 頻率，以及其所在的 pll，結果：mclk 為 12288000 Hz，pll 源為 cpll

cat?/sys/kernel/debug/clk/clk_summary?|?egrep?"i2s0|pll"
pll_cpll?1?1?0?500000000
cpll?5?10?0?500000000
mclk_i2s0_rx_div?0?0?0?500000000
mclk_i2s0_rx_fracdiv?0?0?0?12288000
mclk_i2s0_rx_mux?0?0?0?12288000
mclk_i2s0_rx?0?0?0?12288000
mclk_i2s0_tx_div?1?1?0?500000000
mclk_i2s0_tx_fracdiv?1?1?0?12288000
mclk_i2s0_tx_mux?1?1?0?12288000
mclk_i2s0_tx?1?1?0?12288000
mclk_i2s0_tx_out2io?2?2?0?12288000

2. ?寄存器

io命令

通過 io 命令 查看修改寄存器（適合 SOC 寄存器查詢），配合芯片手冊確認配置以及工作狀態。

#?cat?/proc/iomem?|?grep?i2s
ff800000-ff800fff?:?i2s@ff800000
#?#
io?-4?-l?0x40?0xff800000
ff800000:?7200000f?004e000f?10003f3f?00000010
ff800010:?000f0110?01f00000?00000000?00000003
ff800020:?00000000?00000000?00000000?0000001f
ff800030:?00003eff?00003eff?00000303?20150001

regmap

通過 regmap 節點查看寄存器（只讀）。

rk3568_r:/?#?cat?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/name
cat?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/name????????????????????????????
rk808

##?rk3568?i2s0控制器寄存器
rk3568_r:?#?cat?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/fe400000.i2s/registers
cat?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/fe400000.i2s/registers??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
00:?7200000f
04:?01c8000f
08:?00001f1f
0c:?XXXXXXXX
10:?000f0010
14:?01f00000
18:?XXXXXXXX
1c:?00000000
20:?XXXXXXXX
24:?XXXXXXXX
2c:?XXXXXXXX
30:?00003eff
34:?00003eff
38:?00000707


##?codec?es809寄存器

rk3568_r:/?#?cat?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/registers
cat?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/registers????
00:?00
01:?00
02:?00
03:?00
04:?00
05:?00
06:?00
07:?00
08:?00
09:?00
0a:?00
0b:?00
0c:?00
0d:?00
0e:?00
0f:?00
10:?00
11:?00
12:?03
13:?f4
14:?00

#?ls?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/
0-0020-rk817-codec
ff800000.i2s
...
#?cat?/sys/kernel/debug/regmap/0-0020-rk817-codec/registers
12:?03
13:?f4
14:?00
15:?ff
16:?00
17:?40
18:?48
19:?00
1a:?00
1b:?ff
1c:?00
1d:?00
1e:?02
1f:?00
...

注意: regmap 基于 cache 機制，如果通過 io 命令直接修改寄存器后， regmap 節點不會體現更新后的寄存器，除非驅動將寄存器類型設置為 volatile 或者將 regmap cache 關閉。

3. alsa-utils

瑞芯微的android版本的sdk中不支持aplay、arecord、amixer這組命令，下面是以復旦微廠家sdk舉例。

官方sdk的buildroot目錄下執行make menuconfig：

??│?Symbol:?BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_UTILS_APLAY?[=y]????????????│??
??│?Type??:?boolean??????????????????????????????????????│??
??│?Prompt:?aplay/arecord????????????????????????????????│??
??│???Location:??????????????????????????????????????????│??
??│?????->?Target?packages???????????????????????????????│??
??│???????->?Audio?and?video?applications????????????????│??
??│?(1)?????->?alsa-utils?(BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_UTILS?[=y])??│??
??│???Defined?at?package/alsa-utils/Config.in:57?????????│??
??│???Depends?on:?BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_UTILS?[=y]????????????│??
??│???Selects:?BR2_PACKAGE_ALSA_LIB_PCM?[=y]

aplay

Usage:?aplay?[OPTION]...?[FILE]...

-h,?--help??????????????help
????--version???????????print?current?version
-l,?--list-devices??????list?all?soundcards?and?digital?audio?devices
-L,?--list-pcms?????????list?device?names
-D,?--device=NAME???????select?PCM?by?name
-q,?--quiet?????????????quiet?mode
-t,?--file-type?TYPE????file?type?(voc,?wav,?raw?or?au)
-c,?--channels=#????????channels
-f,?--format=FORMAT?????sample?format?(case?insensitive)
-r,?--rate=#????????????sample?rate
-d,?--duration=#????????interrupt?after?#?seconds
-M,?--mmap??????????????mmap?stream
-N,?--nonblock??????????nonblocking?mode
-F,?--period-time=#?????distance?between?interrupts?is?#?microseconds
-B,?--buffer-time=#?????buffer?duration?is?#?microseconds
????--period-size=#?????distance?between?interrupts?is?#?frames
????--buffer-size=#?????buffer?duration?is?#?frames
-A,?--avail-min=#???????min?available?space?for?wakeup?is?#?microseconds
-R,?--start-delay=#?????delay?for?automatic?PCM?start?is?#?microseconds?
????????????????????????(relative?to?buffer?size?if?<=?0)
-T,?--stop-delay=#??????delay?for?automatic?PCM?stop?is?#?microseconds?from?xrun
-v,?--verbose???????????show?PCM?structure?and?setup?(accumulative)
-V,?--vumeter=TYPE??????enable?VU?meter?(TYPE:?mono?or?stereo)
-I,?--separate-channels?one?file?for?each?channel
-i,?--interactive???????allow?interactive?operation?from?stdin
-m,?--chmap=ch1,ch2,..??Give?the?channel?map?to?override?or?follow
????--disable-resample??disable?automatic?rate?resample
????--disable-channels??disable?automatic?channel?conversions
????--disable-format????disable?automatic?format?conversions
????--disable-softvol???disable?software?volume?control?(softvol)
????--test-position?????test?ring?buffer?position
????--test-coef=#???????test?coefficient?for?ring?buffer?position?(default?8)
????????????????????????expression?for?validation?is:?coef?*?(buffer_size?/?2)
????--test-nowait???????do?not?wait?for?ring?buffer?-?eats?whole?CPU
????--max-file-time=#???start?another?output?file?when?the?old?file?has?recorded
????????????????????????for?this?many?seconds
????--process-id-file???write?the?process?ID?here
????--use-strftime??????apply?the?strftime?facility?to?the?output?file?name
????--dump-hw-params????dump?hw_params?of?the?device
????--fatal-errors??????treat?all?errors?as?fatal

示例：通過聲卡0 ? 播放 ? 48k 采樣率 ? 2聲道 16 位的靜音數據

aplay?-D?hw:0,0?--period-size=1024?--buffer-size=4096?-r?48000?-c?2?-f?s16_le
/dev/zero

arecord

Usage:?arecord?[OPTION]...?[FILE]...

-h,?--help??????????????help
????--version???????????print?current?version
-l,?--list-devices??????list?all?soundcards?and?digital?audio?devices
-L,?--list-pcms?????????list?device?names
-D,?--device=NAME???????select?PCM?by?name
-q,?--quiet?????????????quiet?mode
-t,?--file-type?TYPE????file?type?(voc,?wav,?raw?or?au)
-c,?--channels=#????????channels
-f,?--format=FORMAT?????sample?format?(case?insensitive)
-r,?--rate=#????????????sample?rate
-d,?--duration=#????????interrupt?after?#?seconds
-M,?--mmap??????????????mmap?stream
-N,?--nonblock??????????nonblocking?mode
-F,?--period-time=#?????distance?between?interrupts?is?#?microseconds
-B,?--buffer-time=#?????buffer?duration?is?#?microseconds
????--period-size=#?????distance?between?interrupts?is?#?frames
????--buffer-size=#?????buffer?duration?is?#?frames
-A,?--avail-min=#???????min?available?space?for?wakeup?is?#?microseconds
-R,?--start-delay=#?????delay?for?automatic?PCM?start?is?#?microseconds?
????????????????????????(relative?to?buffer?size?if?<=?0)
-T,?--stop-delay=#??????delay?for?automatic?PCM?stop?is?#?microseconds?from?xrun
-v,?--verbose???????????show?PCM?structure?and?setup?(accumulative)
-V,?--vumeter=TYPE??????enable?VU?meter?(TYPE:?mono?or?stereo)
-I,?--separate-channels?one?file?for?each?channel
-i,?--interactive???????allow?interactive?operation?from?stdin
-m,?--chmap=ch1,ch2,..??Give?the?channel?map?to?override?or?follow
????--disable-resample??disable?automatic?rate?resample
????--disable-channels??disable?automatic?channel?conversions
????--disable-format????disable?automatic?format?conversions
????--disable-softvol???disable?software?volume?control?(softvol)
????--test-position?????test?ring?buffer?position
????--test-coef=#???????test?coefficient?for?ring?buffer?position?(default?8)
????????????????????????expression?for?validation?is:?coef?*?(buffer_size?/?2)
????--test-nowait???????do?not?wait?for?ring?buffer?-?eats?whole?CPU
????--max-file-time=#???start?another?output?file?when?the?old?file?has?recorded
????????????????????????for?this?many?seconds
????--process-id-file???write?the?process?ID?here
????--use-strftime??????apply?the?strftime?facility?to?the?output?file?name
????--dump-hw-params????dump?hw_params?of?the?device
????--fatal-errors??????treat?all?errors?as?fatal

示例：通過聲卡0 錄制 16k 采樣率 8聲道 32 位 的音頻數據

arecord?-D?hw:0,0?--period-size=1024?--buffer-size=4096?-r?16000?-c?8?-f?s32_le
r.wav

aplay | arecord

兩者通過管道可以方便的實現 loopback 功能，方便驅動調試和指標測試。示例：聲卡0 錄制 -> 聲卡1 播放

#?arecord?-D?hw:0,0?--period-size=1024?--buffer-size=4096?-r?48000?-c?2?-f?s16_le
-t?raw?|?aplay?-D?hw:1,0?--period-size=1024?--buffer-size=4096?-r?48000?-c?2?-f
s16_le?-t?raw

amixer

控制 codec 內部的通路開關，結合 codec 手冊的音頻拓撲圖（比如 圖 3-2 RK3308 codec）實現音頻流的 路由，音量控制等

Usage:?amixer??[command]

Available?options:
??-h,--help???????this?help
??-c,--card?N?????select?the?card
??-D,--device?N???select?the?device,?default?'default'
??-d,--debug??????debug?mode
??-n,--nocheck????do?not?perform?range?checking
??-v,--version????print?version?of?this?program
??-q,--quiet??????be?quiet
??-i,--inactive???show?also?inactive?controls
??-a,--abstract?L?select?abstraction?level?(none?or?basic)
??-s,--stdin??????Read?and?execute?commands?from?stdin?sequentially
??-R,--raw-volume?Use?the?raw?value?(default)
??-M,--mapped-volume?Use?the?mapped?volume

Available?commands:
??scontrols???????show?all?mixer?simple?controls
??scontents???show?contents?of?all?mixer?simple?controls?(default?command)
??sset?sID?P??????set?contents?for?one?mixer?simple?control
??sget?sID????????get?contents?for?one?mixer?simple?control
??controls????????show?all?controls?for?given?card
??contents????????show?contents?of?all?controls?for?given?card
??cset?cID?P??????set?control?contents?for?one?control
??cget?cID????????get?control?contents?for?one?control

示例：查詢聲卡 controls，將播放通路切換到 SPK

#?amixer?-c?0?contents
numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='Playback?Path'
;?type=ENUMERATED,access=rw------,values=1,items=11
;?Item?#0?'OFF'
;?Item?#1?'RCV'
;?Item?#2?'SPK'
;?Item?#3?'HP'
;?Item?#4?'HP_NO_MIC'
;?Item?#5?'BT'
;?Item?#6?'SPK_HP'
;?Item?#7?'RING_SPK'
;?Item?#8?'RING_HP'
;?Item?#9?'RING_HP_NO_MIC'
;?Item?#10?'RING_SPK_HP'
:?values=0
...
#?#?amixer?-c?0?cset?numid=1?2
numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='Playback?Path'
;?type=ENUMERATED,access=rw------,values=1,items=11
;?Item?#0?'OFF'
;?Item?#1?'RCV'
;?Item?#2?'SPK'
;?Item?#3?'HP'
;?Item?#4?'HP_NO_MIC'
;?Item?#5?'BT'
;?Item?#6?'SPK_HP'
;?Item?#7?'RING_SPK'
;?Item?#8?'RING_HP'
;?Item?#9?'RING_HP_NO_MIC'
;?Item?#10?'RING_SPK_HP'
:?values=2

alsaloop

支持 任意聲卡間的路由 支持 自適應時鐘同步 自持 自適應重采樣 支持 mixer controls 重定向

Usage:?alsaloop?[OPTION]...

-h,--help??????help
-g,--config????configuration?file?(one?line?=?one?job?specified)
-d,--daemonize?daemonize?the?main?process?and?use?syslog?for?errors
-P,--pdevice???playback?device
-C,--cdevice???capture?device
-X,--pctl??????playback?ctl?device
-Y,--cctl??????capture?ctl?device
-l,--latency???requested?latency?in?frames
-t,--tlatency??requested?latency?in?usec?(1/1000000sec)
-f,--format????sample?format
-c,--channels??channels
-r,--rate??????rate
-n,--resample??resample?in?alsa-lib
-A,--samplerate?use?converter?(0=sincbest,1=sincmedium,2=sincfastest,
???????????????????????????????3=zerohold,4=linear)
-B,--buffer????buffer?size?in?frames
-E,--period????period?size?in?frames
-s,--seconds???duration?of?loop?in?seconds
-b,--nblock????non-block?mode?(very?early?process?wakeup)
-S,--sync??????sync?mode(0=none,1=simple,2=captshift,3=playshift,4=samplerate,
?????????????????????????5=auto)
-a,--slave?????stream?parameters?slave?mode?(0=auto,?1=on,?2=off)
-T,--thread????thread?number?(-1?=?create?unique)
-m,--mixer?redirect?mixer,?argument?is:
??????SRC_SLAVE_ID(PLAYBACK)[@DST_SLAVE_ID(CAPTURE)]
-O,--ossmixer?rescan?and?redirect?oss?mixer,?argument?is:
??????ALSA_ID@OSS_ID??(for?example:?"Master@VOLUME")
-e,--effect????apply?an?effect?(bandpass?filter?sweep)
-v,--verbose???verbose?mode?(more?-v?means?more?verbose)
-w,--workaround?use?workaround?(serialopen)
-U,--xrun??????xrun?profiling
-W,--wake??????process?wake?timeout?in?ms
-z,--syslog????use?syslog?for?errors

示例：聲卡0錄制的音頻通過聲卡1播放，同步模式采用 策略1（增加或減少采樣點）

alsaloop?-C?hw:0,0?-P?hw:1,0?-t?10000?-A?3?-S?1?-b?-v

es8388播放和錄音舉例

/**************************************
?*?波形測試,?RAW數據
?**************************************/

aplay?-D?hw:0,0?-f?S24_LE?-r?44100?-c?2?-t?raw?/bin/busybox?&?arecord?-D?hw:0,1?-f?S24_LE?-r?44100?-c?2?-d?5??record.wav
抓包,?上傳record.wav到電腦，可以聽見雜波

aplay?-D?hw:0,0?-f?S24_LE?-r?44100?-c?2?-t?raw?test.pcm?&?arecord?-D?hw:0,1?-f?S24_LE?-r?44100?-c?2?-d?5??record.wav
抓包,?上傳record.wav到電腦，可以聽見瘋狂小鳥

aplay?-D?hw:0,0?-fS24_LE?-r?44100?-c?2?-t?raw?/all_0x00.bin?&
arecord?-r?44100?-f?S24_LE?-c?2?-d?30?-D?hw:0,1?record.wav
aplay?-D?hw:0,0?-fS24_LE?-r?44100?-c?2?-t?raw?/all_0xff.bin?&
arecord?-r?44100?-f?S24_LE?-c?2?-d?30?-D?hw:0,1?record.wav


aplay?/test.wav?&
arecord?-r?44100?-f?S24_LE?-c?2?-d?30?-D?hw:0,1?record.wav
抓包,?上傳record.wav,?聽見瘋狂小鳥


/**************************************
?*?設置
?**************************************/

#?查看功能
amixer?scontrols

#?耳機測試
amixer?sset?'Headphone?Playback?ZC'?on?#?打開耳機播放?ZC
amixer?sset?'Right?Output?Mixer?PCM'?on?#?打開右聲道
amixer?sset?'Left?Output?Mixer?PCM'?on?#?打開左聲道
amixer?sset?Headphone?105,105?#?設置耳機音量
amixer?sset?Playback?230,230?#?設置播放音量
#?播放
aplay?/opt/hardwareTest/wav/test.wav?#?<---------------------------------------------------

#?MIC測試
#設置聲卡輸入捕獲音量大小
amixer?sset?Capture?56,56
amixer?sset?'ADC?PCM'?200,200
#音頻輸入，關閉所有右聲道
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Mixer?Boost'?off
amixer?sset?'Right?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT1'?off
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT1'?0
amixer?sset?'Right?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT2'?off
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT2'?0
amixer?sset?'Right?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT3'?off
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT3'?0
#音頻輸入，打開左聲道?1?和?2，關閉?3
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Mixer?Boost'?on
amixer?sset?'Left?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT1'?on
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT1'?5
amixer?sset?'Left?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT2'?on
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT2'?3
amixer?sset?'Left?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT3'?off
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT3'?0
#?錄音
arecord?-r?44100?-f?S24_LE?-c?2?-d?10?-D?hw:0,1?record.wav?#?<---------------------------------------------------

#?Line?IN?測試
#設置聲卡輸入捕獲音量大小
amixer?sset?Capture?56,56
amixer?sset?'ADC?PCM'?200,200
#音頻輸入，打開左聲道?3,，關閉?1?和?2
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Mixer?Boost'?on
amixer?sset?'Left?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT1'?off
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT1'?0
amixer?sset?'Left?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT2'?off
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT2'?0
amixer?sset?'Left?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT3'?on
amixer?sset?'Left?Input?Boost?Mixer?LINPUT3'?5
#音頻輸入，打開右聲道?2，關閉?1?和?3
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Mixer?Boost'?on
amixer?sset?'Right?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT1'?off
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT1'?0
amixer?sset?'Right?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT2'?on
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT2'?5
amixer?sset?'Right?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT3'?off
amixer?sset?'Right?Input?Boost?Mixer?RINPUT3'?0

4. tiny-alsa

RK Android SDK 標配 tiny-alsa 工具。

Linux ALSA 在內核層提供了 alsa-driver，在應用層提供了 alsa-lib，應用程序只需要調用 alsa-lib 提供的 API 即可完成對底層硬件的操作。

但由于 ALSA 架構太過于龐大，對于嵌入式設備而言很多功能用不到，且會增加功耗，所以 Android 采用了精簡后的 tinyalsa。

Android 中使用 tinyalsa 控制管理所有模式的音頻通路，也可以使用 tinyalsa 提供的工具進行查看、調試。

Tinyalsa 源碼位于 android 源碼目錄下 external/tinyalsa，可以使用 mmm 命令編譯，

mmm?external/tinyalsa

編譯 tinyalsa 后會生成四個小工具：

• tinymix
• tinyplay
• inycap
• inypcminfo

1) tinypcminfo

tinypcminfo 用于查看 pcm 通道的相關信息，如 PCM 采樣率，Channels，采樣點數等信息。

Usage:?tinypcminfo?[-D?card]?[-d?device]

示例：

rk3568_r:/?#?tinypcminfo?-D?0
Info?for?card?0,?device?0:

PCM?out:
?????Access:???0x000009
??Format[0]:???0x000444
??Format[1]:???00000000
Format?Name:???S16_LE,?S24_LE,?S32_LE
??Subformat:???0x000001
???????Rate:???min=8000Hz??????max=96000Hz
???Channels:???min=2???????????max=8
Sample?bits:???min=16??????????max=32
Period?size:???min=8???????????max=65536
Period?count:???min=2???????????max=16384

PCM?in:
?????Access:???0x000009
??Format[0]:???0x000444
??Format[1]:???00000000
Format?Name:???S16_LE,?S24_LE,?S32_LE
??Subformat:???0x000001
???????Rate:???min=8000Hz??????max=96000Hz
???Channels:???min=2???????????max=8
Sample?bits:???min=16??????????max=32
Period?size:???min=8???????????max=65536
Period?count:???min=2???????????max=16384

2) tinyplay

tinyplay 是一個簡易的音樂播放器，一般用于播放測試。可以直接進行播放 wav 格式文件，在播放前需要先使用 tinymix 進行相關控件的設置。

Usage:?tinyplay?file.wav?[-D?card]?[-d?device]?[-p?period_size]?[-n?n_periods]

示例：播放src_test_xiaoniao.wav、1khz_44100_16bit.wav 音頻文件

rk3568_r:/sdcard?#?tinyplay?src_test_xiaoniao.wav
Playing?sample:?2?ch,?44100?hz,?16?bit?1764000?bytes

rk3568_r:/sdcard?#?tinyplay?1khz_44100_16bit.wav
Playing?sample:?2?ch,?44100?hz,?16?bit?15876000?bytes

3) tinycap

tinycap 是一個簡易的錄音軟件，一般用于錄音測試。

使用之前也需要先設置錄音相關的控件，設置好控件后，執行 tinycap xxx.wav 即可將音頻錄制到 xxx.wav 中。

Usage:?tinycap?file.wav?[-D?card]?[-d?device]?[-c?channels]?[-r?rate]?[-b?bits]
[-p?period_size]?[-n?n_periods]

示例：44.1k 采樣率錄制音頻

#?tinycap?/sdcard/rec.wav?-D?0?-d?0?–c?2?–r?44100?–b?16?–p?1024?–n?3

rk3568_r:/sdcard?#?tinycap?/sdcard/rec.wav?-D?0
Capturing?sample:?2?ch,?44100?hz,?16?bit

4) tinymix

控制 codec 內部的通路開關， 音量控制等。效果等同于 amixer

1）tinymix 可以查看系統的音頻控件，可直接執行 tinymix 進行查看；2）tinymix 可以手動設置控件的值，控件可通過 tinymix 查看，或者通過 mixer_paths.xml 查看。

usage:?tinymix?[-D?card]

rk3568_r:/sdcard?#?tinymix?--help
tinymix?[options]?[control?name/#]?[value?to?set]
????options:
????--device|-D?#>???-?use?the?given?card?#?instead?of?0.
????--all-values|-a???????-?show?all?possible?values/ranges?for?control.
????--tabs-only|-t????????-?separate?all?output?columns/values?with?tabs.
????--value-only|-v???????-?show?only?the?value?for?the?selected?control.

示例：

rk3568_r:/sdcard?#?tinymix
Mixer?name:?'rockchip,rk809-codec'
Number?of?controls:?2
ctl?????type????num?????name?????????????????????????????????????value

0???????ENUM????1???????Playback?Path????????????????????????????OFF
1???????ENUM????1???????Capture?MIC?Path?????????????????????????MIC?OFF


rk3568_r:/sdcard?#?tinymix?-a
Mixer?name:?'rockchip,rk809-codec'
Number?of?controls:?2
ctl?????type????num?????name???????????????????value
????????range/values
0???????ENUM????1???????Playback?Path??????????>OFF?RCV?SPK?HP?HP_NO_MIC?BT?SPK_HP?RING_SPK?RING_HP?RING_HP_NO_MIC?RING_SPK_HP
1???????ENUM????1???????Capture?MIC?Path???????>MIC?OFF?Main?Mic?Hands?Free?Mic?BT?Sco?Mic

5. i2c工具鏈

i2c工具主要用于配置codec，本文使用的是es8388，配置該芯片可以通過i2c接口。

通過 i2c tool 查看修改 codec 寄存器（適合 i2c 類型的 codec 設備），配合 codec 手冊確認配置以及工作 狀態。

rk3568sdk集成i2c工具鏈，做了精簡，與其他版本工具鏈使用略有差別。

安裝命令

apt-get?update
apt-get?install?i2c-tools

linux版本代碼下載路徑：

https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/utils/i2c-tools/

i2cdetect

rk3568_r:/?#?i2cdetect?--help
usage:?i2cdetect?[-ary]?BUS?[FIRST?LAST]
usage:?i2cdetect?-F?BUS
usage:?i2cdetect?-l

Detect?i2c?devices.

-a??????All?addresses?(0x00-0x7f?rather?than?0x03-0x77)
-F??????Show?functionality
-l??????List?all?buses
-r??????Probe?with?SMBus?Read?Byte
-y??????Answer?"yes"?to?confirmation?prompts?(for?script?use)

查詢 i2c0 總線上的設備

rk3568_r:/?#?i2cdetect?-y?0
?????0??1??2??3??4??5??6??7??8??9??a??b??c??d??e??f
00:??????????--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--
10:?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?UU?--?--?--
20:?UU?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--
30:?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--
40:?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--
50:?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--
60:?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--
70:?--?--?--?--?--?--?--?--

i2cdump

dump 設備的所有寄存器

rk3568_r:/?#?i2cdump?--help
usage:?i2cdump?[-fy]?BUS?CHIP

Dump?i2c?registers.

-f??????Force?access?to?busy?devices
-y??????Answer?"yes"?to?confirmation?prompts?(for?script?use)

示例：查詢 i2c0 總線下 rk817（設備地址：0x20）的寄存器，其中 0x12 ~ 0x4f 為 codec 寄存器。

rk3568_r:/?#?i2cdump?-f?-y?0?0x20
?????0??1??2??3??4??5??6??7??8??9??a??b??c??d??e??f????0123456789abcdef
00:?02?00?09?04?08?17?05?00?00?00?01?01?00?01?80?00?????.?????...??.??.
10:?00?00?03?f4?00?00?00?06?c8?00?00?00?00?00?00?00????..??...??.......
20:?00?00?00?ff?ff?00?00?70?00?66?00?00?00?00?00?0f????...??..p.f.....?
30:?06?03?03?00?a5?02?00?00?01?ff?ff?00?00?e0?0f?09???????.??..???..???
40:?69?7f?0c?58?2d?0c?95?01?00?00?00?0f?20?00?0f?00????i??X-???...??.?.
50:?8c?00?01?00?01?b0?44?10?00?60?00?00?00?00?00?00?????.?.??D?.`......
60:?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?01?00?eb?00????............?.?.
70:?00?00?00?00?ff?ff?ff?ff?00?01?ff?ff?00?00?00?00????....????.???....
80:?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00????................
90:?60?80?e9?7f?cb?df?a6?80?e9?00?00?00?00?00?00?00????`????????.......
a0:?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00????................
b0:?00?0f?0f?0f?0f?04?a4?ff?ff?00?64?1c?20?64?1a?20????.????????.d??d?
c0:?64?00?00?64?1a?20?6b?ff?ff?ff?ff?ff?0c?0c?0c?0c????d..d??k?????????
d0:?0c?0c?6c?6c?6c?6c?6c?6c?30?30?30?30?30?30?09?31??????llllll000000?1
e0:?00?00?00?55?a2?c8?c5?40?00?ff?22?03?0a?80?94?0e????...U???@.?"?????
f0:?c2?ac?a0?40?18?40?00?86?00?fc?00?ff?00?ff?60?00???????@?@.?.?.?.?`.

i2cget

查詢單個寄存器值

Usage:?i2cget?[-f]?[-y]?I2CBUS?CHIP-ADDRESS?[DATA-ADDRESS?[MODE]]
I2CBUS?is?an?integer?or?an?I2C?bus?name
ADDRESS?is?an?integer?(0x03?-?0x77)
MODE?is?one?of:
b?(read?byte?data,?default)
w?(read?word?data)
c?(write?byte/read?byte)
Append?p?for?SMBus?PEC

rk3568_r:/?#?i2cget?--help
usage:?i2cget?[-fy]?BUS?CHIP?ADDR

Read?an?i2c?register.

-f??????Force?access?to?busy?devices
-y??????Answer?"yes"?to?confirmation?prompts?(for?script?use)

示例：查詢 rk817 的 0x12 寄存器

rk3568_r:/?#?i2cget?-f?-y?0?0x20?0x12
0x03

i2cset

修改單個寄存器值

Usage:?i2cset?[-f]?[-y]?[-m?MASK]?[-r]?I2CBUS?CHIP-ADDRESS?DATA-ADDRESS?[VALUE]
...?[MODE]
I2CBUS?is?an?integer?or?an?I2C?bus?name
ADDRESS?is?an?integer?(0x03?-?0x77)
MODE?is?one?of:
c?(byte,?no?value)
b?(byte?data,?default)
w?(word?data)
i?(I2C?block?data)
s?(SMBus?block?data)
Append?p?for?SMBus?PEC


rk3568_r:/?#?i2cset?--help
usage:?i2cset?[-fy]?BUS?CHIP?ADDR?VALUE...?MODE

Write?an?i2c?register.?MODE?is?b?for?byte,?w?for?16-bit?word,?i?for?I2C?block.

-f??????Force?access?to?busy?devices
-y??????Answer?"yes"?to?confirmation?prompts?(for?script?use)

示例：修改 rk817（0x20） 的 0x12 寄存器，將值改為0

?rk3568_r:/?#?i2cset?-fy?0?0x20?0x12?0?b
?rk3568_r:/?#?i2cget?-f?-y?0?0x20?0x12
?0x00

i2ctransfer

i2c-tools-4.0及以后版本添加了i2ctransfer命令。

i2cget和i2cset可以讀寫的i2c設備的寄存器地址小于0xff，即寄存器是8位地址。

如果i2c設備寄存器是16位地址，可使用i2ctransfer命令，該命令同樣可用在寄存器地址是8位的設備。

1、命令

"Usage:?i2ctransfer?[-f]?[-y]?[-v]?[-V]?[-a]?I2CBUS?DESC?[DATA]?[DESC?[DATA]]...\n"
"??I2CBUS?is?an?integer?or?an?I2C?bus?name\n"
"??DESC?describes?the?transfer?in?the?form:?{r|w}LENGTH[@address]\n"
"????1)?read/write-flag?2)?LENGTH?(range?0-65535,?or?'?')\n"
"????3)?I2C?address?(use?last?one?if?omitted)\n"
"??DATA?are?LENGTH?bytes?for?a?write?message.?They?can?be?shortened?by?a?suffix:\n"
"????=?(keep?value?constant?until?LENGTH)\n"
"????+?(increase?value?by?1?until?LENGTH)\n"
"????-?(decrease?value?by?1?until?LENGTH)\n"
"????p?(use?pseudo?random?generator?until?LENGTH?with?value?as?seed)\n\n"
"Example?(bus?0,?read?8?byte?at?offset?0x64?from?EEPROM?at?0x50):\n"
"??#?i2ctransfer?0?w1@0x50?0x64?r8\n"
"Example?(same?EEPROM,?at?offset?0x42?write?0xff?0xfe?...?0xf0):\n"
"??#?i2ctransfer?0?w17@0x50?0x42?0xff-\n");

2、用法

##?從i2c 4號總線0x38設備的0x3a01寄存器開始讀16個字節的數據,w2：表示寄存器0x3a01的長度為2個字節
i2ctransfer?-y?-f?4?w2@0x38?0x3a?0x01?r16
##?向i2c 4號總線0x38設備的0x3a01寄存器寫0x10,w3：表示寄存器0x3a01和寫入值0x10的長度為3字節
i2ctransfer?-y?-f?4?w3@0x38?0x3a?0x01?0x10

邏輯分析儀

調試過程中，有時候我們需要抓取控制器和codec之間語音信號，并轉換成語音數據，

一口君使用的是Kingst的 LA系列邏輯分析儀。

這是一款非常簡單容易上手的設備，

即使新手也很容易就能上手，

比示波器好用很多。后面會單獨開一篇講解該設備如何抓取波形并轉換成語音數據。抓取波形頁面